Evidence mapPaperPMID 41278439Full record

ArticleWorld journal of diabetes2025

Evolution of the risk concept and assessment tools for diabetes during Ramadan fasting: A narrative review.

Salem A Beshyah

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Article in World journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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Salem A BeshyahDepartment of Endocrinology, Bareen International Hospital, MBZ City MBZ1507, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. beshyah@yahoo.com.

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe categorization and assessment of diabetes-related risks during Ramadan have evolved significantly over three decades. Research interest in the health effects of fasting has grown significantly, with diabetes emerging as the most extensively studied condition.

aimTo explore the historical development of risk stratification approaches for Ramadan fasting in people with diabetes, culminating in the 2021 International Diabetes Federation-Diabetes and Ramadan (IDF-DAR) risk assessment tool. We also evaluated the evidence for its validation and real-world utility.

methodsThe PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the term "Diabetes AND Ramadan AND Risk Assessment". Eligible studies included full-text articles on risk stratification concept and tools for diabetes during Ramadan. Selected studies were reviewed and synthesized thematically.

resultsRisk categorization began with a dichotomy and tripartite models and progressed to a four-tier narrative scale. In 2021, the IDF-DAR tool introduced a point-based system with three risk categories. Validation studies across diverse populations demonstrated strong predictive value, though moderate inter-clinician variability and potential overestimation in type 2 diabetes cases were noted.

conclusionThe IDF-DAR risk stratification tool significantly advances individualized diabetes care during Ramadan. Its conservative bias in some populations and variability in physician scoring suggests the need for standardized training.

Indexed as

DiabetesDiabetic ketoacidosisHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaInternational diabetes federation-diabetes and RamadanRamadanRisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID41278439
PMCPMC12635770

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.