Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41278460›Full record

ArticleImmunity & inflammation2025

T cell-driven sustained inflammation and immune dysregulation mimicking immunosenescence for up to three years post-COVID-19.

Tian Zheng, Ru Gao, Yiwei Liu, Yeming Wang, Chao Wu, Li Guo, Lan Chen, Xinming Wang, Yan Xiao, Jingchuan Zhong and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity & inflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Tian Zheng *State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Ru Gao *NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yiwei LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yeming WangState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Chao WuNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Li GuoNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lan ChenNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xinming WangNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yan XiaoNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jingchuan ZhongNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Rongling ZhangDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Ying WangNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xianwen RenChangping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Bin CaoState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lili RenState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jianwei WangNHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long COVID has emerged as a major global health concern, yet the long-term trajectory of immune recovery and its contribution to persistent symptoms remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted a three-year longitudinal follow-up of the 47 COVID-19 patients and applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplex cytokine profiling to comprehensively characterize the peripheral immune landscape during convalescence. We observed persistent immune dysregulation up to three years post-infection, characterized by chronic inflammation and impaired restoration of naïve Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44466-025-00012-2.

Indexed as

CD4+ T cellsImmunosenescenceInflammationLong COVIDLongitudinal prospective studyScRNA-seq

Identifiers

PMID41278460
PMCPMC12630218

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.