Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41280407›Full record

ArticlePhotoacoustics2025

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography of salivary glands in patients with clinically suspected Sjögren's disease: A pilot study.

Rik de Jong, Milou E Noltes, Hendrika Bootsma, Gooitzen M van Dam, Andor W J M Glaudemans, Schelto Kruijff, Riemer H J A Slart, Alja Stel, Max J H Witjes, Konstantina Delli and 1 more

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Article in Photoacoustics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rik de JongDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Milou E NoltesDepartment of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Hendrika BootsmaDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Gooitzen M van DamAxelaRx/TRACER B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands.
Andor W J M GlaudemansDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Schelto KruijffDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Riemer H J A SlartDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Alja StelDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Max J H WitjesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Konstantina DelliDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jasper VonkDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic auto-immune disease characterized by salivary gland inflammation and glandular dysfunction. Diagnosis is challenging due to its heterogeneity and currently relies on a variety of tests that are present in the ACR-EULAR classification criteria. These include invasive and resource-intensive tests, highlighting the unmet need for a single, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic modality. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), enabling functional imaging of hemoglobin-related parameters, may address this gap. This pilot study evaluates MSOT's potential for salivary gland imaging in patients suspected of SjD. This study included 20 patients clinically suspected of SjD. Which underwent MSOT imaging of the major salivary glands, alongside the full ACR-EULAR diagnostic workup, including serology, salivary gland biopsy, and sialometry, alongside salivary gland ultrasound. MSOT parameters were compared to standard of care diagnostic modalities and ultrasound scoring systems. A novel MSOT scoring system based on 800 nm hemoglobin signals was developed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Patients classified as SjD (n = 13) show significantly higher hemoglobin-related signals compared to non-SjD patients (n = 7). When ≥ 2 salivary glands, either submandibular or parotid, exceeded their predefined MSOT cut-off values of 371.6 a.u. and 374.2 a.u., respectively, MSOT achieved 92 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for SjD classification, outperforming other diagnostic tests and established ultrasound scoring systems. MSOT shows promise as non-invasive imaging modality for SjD classification, and may offer higher sensitivity compared to established ultrasound scoring systems and other diagnostic tests. These explorative findings support further investigation of MSOT as non-invasive diagnostic tool in SjD.

Indexed as

ACR-EULARMultispectral optoacoustic tomographyPhotoacoustic imagingSalivary glandsSjögren’s diseaseUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID41280407
PMCPMC12629920

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.