Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41281009›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes and Their Association With Vitamin D Levels, Insulin Resistance, and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Anupama Bahadur, Tuba Afreen, Ayush Heda, Rajlaxmi Mundhra, Manisha Naithani, Rashmi Verma, Madhavi Latha Ratala, Pragati Jakhar, Anushka Vishwakarma, Nilofer Khan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anupama BahadurObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Tuba AfreenObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Ayush HedaGynaecologic Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Rajlaxmi MundhraObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Manisha NaithaniBiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Rashmi VermaObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Madhavi Latha RatalaObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Pragati JakharObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Anushka VishwakarmaObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Nilofer KhanObstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the association of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes with various anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic parameters and to explore the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance (IR) in women with PCOS. STUDY

designThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over 10 months, including 212 women diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria. Participants were classified into four phenotypes, and comprehensive anthropometric measurements, hormonal assessments, and metabolic evaluations were performed. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and vitamin D levels (ng/mL). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

resultsPhenotype D (n=104, 49.06%) was the most common among participants, followed by Phenotypes A, C, and B. BMI and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels showed significant associations with PCOS phenotypes, with the highest BMI observed in Phenotype A; 53.8% (n=114) of participants had vitamin D deficiency. A significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D levels and IR (correlation coefficient: -0.207), as measured by the HOMA-IR, suggesting that lower vitamin D levels are associated with higher IR.

conclusionThe study demonstrates significant associations between PCOS phenotypes and key anthropometric and hormonal parameters, particularly BMI and serum AMH levels. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in women with PCOS and is correlated with increased IR. These findings may contribute to the development of predictive models for metabolic abnormalities in PCOS and underscore the need for further research with larger, more diverse populations to better understand the complex pathogenesis of PCOS.

Indexed as

anti-müllerian hormonehyperandrogenismmetabolic syndromeobesity in pcospcos phenotypes

Identifiers

PMID41281009
PMCPMC12637004

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.