ArticleResearch square2025
Sub-lethal imidacloprid exposure leads to presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations.
Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture to mitigate a wide array of pests. Imidacloprid, the most frequently used neonicotinoid pesticide, has been reported to affect cholinergic signaling of off-target organisms, such as honey bees and nematodes. Taking comparative neuroscience approaches, we exposed both organisms to field-relevant sub-lethal doses of imidacloprid. In the honey bee brain, we examined microglomeruli (synaptic structures of the mushroom bodies) using synapsin immunostaining. There was a decreased density of microglomeruli following one week of imidacloprid exposure. Furthermore, to take a separate look at either side of cholinergic synapse, we used two distinct strains of transgenic nematodes labeling either presynaptic or postsynaptic cholinergic structures. Following 48 hours of exposure, we found decreased expression in both strains. These results indicate that concentrations of imidacloprid commonly occurring in the field alter the nervous systems of off-target organisms.
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Registered trials
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