ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2025
Combination therapy with 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and Albendazole modulates mitochondrial protein expression in astrocytes after Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAngiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic nematode that causes eosinophilic meningitis and central nervous system injury in humans; 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a benzaldehyde compound that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Brain injury promotes Ca²⁺ influx and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ loading via voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThis study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of 3-HBA combined with albendazole on brain injury and the expression of mitochondria-related molecules in A. cantonensis-infected mice. In BALB/c mice infected with A. cantonensis, the infection significantly increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in five regions: the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, subcortical areas, cerebellum, and brainstem and elevated the expression of MCU and cytochrome c in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed pathological changes, such as meningitis, hemorrhage, and vascular congestion. However, combined treatment with 3-HBA and albendazole reduced these pathological changes and the expression of mitochondria-related molecules, including glial fibrillary acidic protein, VDAC1, MCU, and cytochrome c. In cultured mouse astrocytes, soluble antigens from fifth-stage larval-activated astrocytes induced mitochondria-related molecule expression, but 3-HBA suppressed these effects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the combination of 3-HBA and albendazole downregulates astrocyte activation and VDAC1/MCU-associated mitochondrial pathways following A. cantonensis infection. These findings support the use of 3-HBA as a promising adjuvant to albendazole in the treatment of angiostrongyliasis.
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