Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41285309›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Tripterygium wilfordii multi-glycoside alleviates ankylosing spondylitis via gut microbiota modulation and metabolite reprogramming.

Jiaqi Bi, Yanan Yang, Mingxi Li, Huigen Lu, Bin Chen, Xuekang Pan, Gang Chen, Chongming Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jiaqi BiDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China.
Yanan YangSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
Mingxi LiSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
Huigen LuDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China.
Bin ChenDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China.
Xuekang PanDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China. Electronic address: jxeypxk@163.com.
Gang ChenDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China. Electronic address: jxeycg2023@163.com.
Chongming WuSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China. Electronic address: chomingwu@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by severe inflammation in the axial skeleton. Tripterygium wilfordii multi-glycoside (GTW) is widely used in clinical practice for AS and related immune diseases, yet its precise mechanism of action remains unclear.

objectivesExplore the therapeutic effects of GTW on AS and its potential mechanisms, with a focus on its impact on the gut microbiota and associated metabolites.

methodsAn AS mouse model was established via intraperitoneal injection of proteoglycan and Freund's complete adjuvant. The therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of GTW were explored through phenotypic analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomic profiling.

resultsGTW significantly reduced arthritis index, gait score, paw thickness, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in AS mice. Additionally, it modulated mRNA and protein expression related to osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation while restoring intestinal barrier integrity. Notably, GTW reversed the AS-induced depletion of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia. Correlation analysis between gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and AS-related phenotypes suggested that GTW-enriched bacteria were positively associated with beneficial metabolites, including 3-methylxanthine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, cinnamic acid, kaempferol, and palmitoyl glucuronide. Both of those gut bacteria and metabolites were strongly negatively correlated with AS severity markers (IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, Th17 cell percentage, arthritis index, gait score, paw thickness, and Rankl expression) and positively associated with protective factors (Zo-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, Ocn, and Alp gene expression).

conclusionsThis study implies that GTW treatment is associated with amelioration of AS-related symptoms in mice, suggesting a potential role of the gut microbiota-metabolite axis in GTW-associated AS improvement, though causal relationships require further validation.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGlycosidesSpondylitis, AnkylosingTripterygiumAnimalsCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalHumansMaleMiceCytokinesGlycosidesAnkylosing spondylitisFecal metabolitesGut microbiotaTripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside

Identifiers

PMID41285309
PMCPMC13453869

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.