Evidence mapPaperPMID 41285492Full record

ReviewRenal failure2025

Chronic cardiorenal syndrome: cardio-renal protective effect of SGLT2i.

Yixin Zhu, Chenxi Lv, Hanqi Yang, Qian Lu, XuChen Wang, Yueqi Zhang, Maojuan Guo, Bo Yang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Observational
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yixin ZhuFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Chenxi LvFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Hanqi YangFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Qian LuFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
XuChen WangFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Yueqi ZhangFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Maojuan GuoTianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Bo YangFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesChronic cardiorenal syndrome (types 2 and 4) arises from chronic dysfunction of either the heart or kidneys, leading to progressive deterioration of the other organ. The coexistence of cardiac and renal dysfunction significantly complicates treatment strategies and is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with currently limited effective therapeutic options. Given the demonstrated cardiorenal protective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), it is important to explore their potential mechanisms and clinical application value in the treatment of non-diabetic chronic cardiorenal syndrome.

methodsThis review systematically analyzes the multiple mechanisms of SGLT2i and integrates the latest clinical trial evidence to evaluate their potential application in the management of non-diabetic chronic cardiorenal syndrome. It specifically examines their cardiorenal protective pathways beyond glucose-lowering effects, including diuretic and natriuretic actions, improved hemodynamics, inhibition of neurohormonal overactivation, modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhancement of vascular endothelial function.

resultsRecent clinical studies confirm that SGLT2i exert cardiorenal protection through multiple mechanisms and demonstrate potential for improving prognosis in non-diabetic patients with cardiorenal syndrome. Combination therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists shows synergistic therapeutic advantages.

conclusionsSGLT2i provide a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic cardiorenal syndrome, with their multi-target mechanisms offering new perspectives for combined cardiorenal protection. However, further clinical research is required to optimize treatment protocols and address practical challenges in their application.

Indexed as

Cardio-Renal SyndromeSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsOxidative StressGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitorschronic cardiorenal syndromeeGFRhemodynamicsNT-proBNPSGLT2i

Identifiers

PMID41285492
PMCPMC12646099

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.