ReviewClinical and experimental medicine2025
Extracellular vesicles in cardiac surgery: unlocking new frontiers in cardioprotection and patient outcomes.
Review in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Small vesicles, big potential: A review of innovative exosome delivery and molecular mechanisms in preclinical myocardial infarction models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle signalling in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biomarkers of perioperative neurocognitive disorders after cardiac surgery: from mechanistic insights to clinical translation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiac surgery, while life-saving, induces profound physiological stress due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), systemic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, particularly in procedures involving cardiopulmonary bypass. In this complex setting, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as both biomarkers and potential mediators of cardiovascular injury and repair.This narrative review explores the multifaceted roles of EVs in cardiac surgery, with a focus on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve repair or replacement. The review examines the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of circulating EVs and their role in graft patency, perioperative complications, myocardial protection, and vascular remodeling.We summarize current evidence regarding the biogenesis, classification, and engineering of EVs, highlighting their ability to transport bioactive molecules that modulate inflammation, coagulation, and apoptosis. In CABG, EVs have been linked to systemic inflammatory response, myocardial injury, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In valvular heart surgery and transcatheter procedures, endothelial- and platelet-derived EVs correlate with endothelial injury, shear stress, and postoperative outcomes. Preclinical studies indicate that stem cell-derived EVs exert cardioprotective effects by reducing apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and reprogramming macrophages.EVs represent a promising frontier in cardiac surgery, offering opportunities for risk stratification, real-time monitoring, and novel therapeutic strategies. Further translational research and standardized clinical protocols are needed to integrate EV profiling into perioperative care and to explore the full potential of EV-based therapies in cardioprotection and vascular healing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.