ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Global, regional, national burden, trends and health inequality of neglected tropical diseases and malaria from 1990 to 2021.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global burden of varicella in children aged 5-9 y, relationship with vaccination policy indicators, and projected trends to 2030.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- From invisibility to political power: Policy lessons from a decade of Brazil's Social Forum for Infectious and Neglected Diseases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Burden of Infectious Diseases in Afghanistan in 1999 and 2023: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2023 Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Global, regional, national burden, trends and health inequality of neglected tropical diseases and malaria from 1990 to 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeglected tropical diseases and malaria (NTDM) remain persistent public health challenges, disproportionately affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to systematically evaluate the burden, trends, and health inequities of NTDM from 1990 to 2021, and to project trends through 2050.
methodsThis secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database assessed NTDM burden by age, sex, region, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression, health inequality was gauged with Concentration Index (CI) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII). Decomposition analysis quantified contributions of population growth, aging, and epidemiological shifts to NTDM burden changes. Bayesian age-period-cohort model predicted future trends.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, global age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of NTDM increased by 0.59%, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate declined by 58.05%, 25%, and 32.36%, respectively. Western Sub-Saharan Africa bore the highest burden, while High-income North America and Australasia had the lowest. Liberia, Benin, and Solomon Islands exhibited the highest ASIR and ASPR, whereas Iceland, Ireland, and Finland ranked lowest. Females had higher ASIR, but males faced greater ASDR and DALY rate. Children under five faced the highest ASIR and ASDR. From 1990 to 2021, the global NTDM ASIR showed an overall increasing trend, while ASDR, ASPR, and DALY rate decreased. SII and CI indicated lower-SDI regions carried a higher NTDM burden, with absolute inequality narrowing but relative inequality worsening. Aging and epidemiological changes mitigated NTDM burden in most SDI regions, while population growth significantly exacerbates it, especially in lower SDI regions. Projections to 2050 suggest continued ASPR decline globally, but significant increases in ASIR, ASDR, and DALY rates, with sustained gender and regional gaps.
conclusionsDespite progress in managing NTDM, the burden will continue to rise due to population growth and other factors. It is crucial to implement targeted interventions for high-risk populations and regions with the highest incidence, mortality, and health disparities. Strengthening health systems, enhancing community engagement, and fostering intersectoral collaboration are essential strategies to reduce NTDM burden, particularly in underdeveloped, high-burden areas. CLINICAL TRIAL: Not applicable.
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