Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41292152›Full record

ArticleCancer science2026

Tumor Microenvironments in Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: MHC Class I Loss and T-Cell Exhaustion in Dysgerminoma.

Miya Nakashima, Takeshi Iwasaki, Yoshihiro Katayama, Masatoshi Shimo, Ken Takigawa, Naomi Shimada, Michiko Matsushita, Satoshi Kuwamoto, Shinya Sato, Masato Toya and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Miya NakashimaDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Takeshi IwasakiDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Yoshihiro KatayamaDepartments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Masatoshi ShimoDepartment of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Ken TakigawaDepartment of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Naomi ShimadaDepartment of Gynecology, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Fukuoka, Oita, Japan.
Michiko MatsushitaDepartment of Pathobiological Science and Technology, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Satoshi KuwamotoDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Shinya SatoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
Masato ToyaDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kohta MiyawakiDepartment of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Koichi AkashiDepartment of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kiyoko KatoDepartments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Yoshinao OdaDepartments of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-1182

Funding

FUKUOKA OBGYN Researcher's Charity Foundation Fund, Japan
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare neoplasms primarily affecting young women. Although generally responsive to chemotherapy, long-term adverse effects remain a concern. Improved understanding of the tumor microenvironment may reveal alternative therapeutic strategies; however, comprehensive analyses in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors remain limited. We analyzed 56 malignant ovarian germ cell tumor samples: 23 dysgerminomas, 14 yolk sac tumors, and 19 immature teratomas. Immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecule expression were evaluated via immunohistochemistry, while immune-related gene expression was assessed using transcriptomic profiling. In dysgerminoma, T-cell exhaustion was characterized through multiplex immunofluorescence. Major histocompatibility complex class I expression was assessed across all subtypes. Dysgerminomas showed abundant CD4

Indexed as

DysgerminomaHistocompatibility Antigens Class INeoplasms, Germ Cell and EmbryonalOvarian NeoplasmsT-LymphocytesTumor MicroenvironmentAdolescentAdultCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingT-Cell ExhaustionYoung AdultHistocompatibility Antigens Class Igerm cell and embryonal neoplasmsimmune checkpoint proteinsmajor histocompatibility complexT‐cell exhaustiontumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41292152
PMCPMC12861093

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.