ReviewCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2025
New Horizons with Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Oncology: From Cancer Cachexia and Tumour Immunity to Novel Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondrial Metabolites, with Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure vs. Healthy Ageing.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) as an emerging biomarker for cardiovascular and kidney diseases, a therapeutic target in cancer and a potential biomarker for preeclampsia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-induced cytokine produced by tumour cells and peripheral cells. It is implicated in the development of cancer cachexia, a debilitating condition for which no effective pharmacological therapy currently exists. GDF-15 regulates appetite and metabolic processes through complex neural and hormonal networks. Furthermore, it has been implicated in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, representing a potential therapeutic target. GDF-15 negatively affects tumour immunity, suggesting that anti-GDF-15 therapy could potentially enhance immune responses and help overcome resistance to immunotherapy. Recently, early clinical trials have reported preliminary results of GDF-15-targeted therapies in alleviating cancer cachexia and potentially enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of GDF-15 in cancer cachexia, including the underlying neural mechanisms and their involvement in tumour immunity. This review also summarises recent clinical trial findings and discusses future perspectives on GDF-15-targeted therapy in oncology, offering important insights for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.