Evidence mapPaperPMID 41297293Full record

ArticleJournal of anxiety disorders2026

Actigraphy and subjective sleep predictors of nine-year generalized anxiety disorder.

Nur Hani Zainal, Natalia Van Doren

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of anxiety disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Nur Hani ZainalNational University of Singapore, Department of Psychology, Kent Ridge Campus, Singapore. Electronic address: hanizainal@nus.edu.sg.
Natalia Van DorenUniversity of California at San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: natalia.vandoren@ucsf.edu.

Funding

Substance Use Disorders Treatment/Services Research Training ProgramT32DA007250 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · 1991 to 2025
$2.4M
NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007250
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep disturbances have been linked to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms. However, cross-sectional studies, linearity assumptions, and limited predictor sets preclude identifying which unique sleep disturbance markers precede GAD symptoms. We thus harnessed machine learning (ML) to determine objective and subjective sleep disturbance predictors of nine-year GAD symptoms.

methodsCommunity adults (N = 1054) underwent baseline surveys, clinical interviews, and seven-day sleep actigraphy protocols. GAD symptoms were reassessed nine years later. Seven ML models were examined with 44 baseline predictors. Partial dependence and Shapley additive explanation plots were created as interpretable ML approaches with the best-performing random forest model using nested cross-validation. Sensitivity analyses included and excluded GAD sleep items.

resultsThe final multivariable predictive algorithm performed well (R

conclusionsOutcomes highlight the importance of combining actigraphy and self-report sleep assessments. Future studies should determine the degree to which these patterns extend to the within-person level to develop early prevention, treatment, and precision mental health strategies for individuals at risk of, or with, increased GAD severity.

Indexed as

ActigraphyAnxiety DisordersSleep Wake DisordersAdultFemaleGeneralized Anxiety DisorderHumansMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedSleep QualityActigraphyCircadian sleep-wake rhythmGeneralized anxiety disorderInsomniaLongitudinalWorry

Identifiers

PMID41297293
PMCPMC13401219

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.