Evidence mapPaperPMID 41298681Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Gestational hypothyroxinemia causes an inflammatory environment at maternal-fetal tissues and fetal brain with impaired hippocampal dendritic spine maturation in the offspring.

Enrique González-Madrid, Ma Andreina Rangel-Ramírez, María C Opazo, Sebastián A Espinoza, Daniela Elgueta, Gonzalo I Cancino, Elena Mery, Álvaro O Ardiles, Luisa F Duarte, Jorge A Soto and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Enrique González-MadridMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-451X
Ma Andreina Rangel-RamírezMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
María C OpazoMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
Sebastián A EspinozaLaboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Daniela ElguetaLaboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Gonzalo I CancinoLaboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8697-7282
Elena MeryCentro para la Investigación Traslacional en Neurofarmacología, CItNe, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
Álvaro O ArdilesCentro para la Investigación Traslacional en Neurofarmacología, CItNe, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-2133
Luisa F DuarteMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-1800
Jorge A SotoMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-9759
Leandro J CarreñoMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
Felipe SimonMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
Susan M BuenoMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-8088
Pablo A GonzálezMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-6870
Alexis M KalergisMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
Claudia A RiedelMillennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile. claudia.riedel@unab.cl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6168-8601

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gestational hypothyroxinemia (HTX) is associated with cognitive impairments and autism traits in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Prenatal inflammation impairs cortical development and induces diverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Since thyroid dysfunction elicits inflammation, we sought to investigate whether HTX triggers prenatal pro-inflammatory responses. Using a mouse model of gestational HTX, we found elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-17 A in maternal serum, placental tissues, and embryonic brains at embryonic day (E)14 compared to euthyroid (EUT) dams. We also found increased proportions of dendritic cells, NK cells, M1-like macrophages, and monocytes in the placental tissues of HTX dams. Furthermore, gestational HTX exposure led to reduced Tbr2⁺ progenitors, increased Tbr1⁺ neurons, and an expanded Iba1⁺ microglial population in HTX-exposed embryos compared to EUT-exposed embryos. At postnatal day (P)55, the offspring gestated under HTX exhibited reduced hippocampal dendritic spine density and maturity compared to the progeny gestated under EUT. Notably, restoring T

Indexed as

BrainDendritic SpinesHippocampusHypothyroidismInflammationPregnancy ComplicationsPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsThyroxineAnimalsDendritic CellsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleInterleukin-17Interleukin-6MaleMiceInterleukin-17Interleukin-6ThyroxineCytokinesEmbryonic neurodevelopmentGestational hypothyroxinemiaHippocampal dendritic spinesMaternal-fetal interfaceMicrogliaPrenatal inflammation

Identifiers

PMID41298681
PMCPMC12657893

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.