Evidence mapPaperPMID 41299307Full record

ArticleBMC primary care2025

From guidelines to practice: an Egyptian expert opinion on type 2 diabetes mellitus management in primary care settings.

Mohamed Khattab, Samir H Assaad-Khalil, Atef Bassyouni, Farid Fawzy, Hesham El Gayar, Ibrahim Elebrashy, Khaled Elsayed Elhadidy, Khalifa Abdallah, Mohamed Hesham El Hefnawy, Mohamed Reda Halawa and 3 more

Abstract read
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Article in BMC primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mohamed KhattabDepartment of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Samir H Assaad-KhalilDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology, and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. samir.assaadkhalil@alexmed.edu.eg.ORCID 0000-0003-1899-9361
Atef BassyouniNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt.
Farid FawzyDepartment of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkeya, Egypt.
Hesham El GayarDepartment of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ibrahim ElebrashyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Khaled Elsayed ElhadidyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
Khalifa AbdallahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology, and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Mohamed Hesham El HefnawyNational Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed Reda HalawaDepartment of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Nabil ElkafrawyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
Samir GeorgeDepartment of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Yehia GhanemDepartment of Internal Medicine, Unit of Diabetes, Lipidology, and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The broad classification of diabetes includes type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and other specific types such as monogenic diabetes. Additionally, prediabetes represents an at-risk state that requires early recognition. The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen over the years, necessitating continuous medical care from well-trained staff. Accurate classification of diabetes is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment approach for each case. While this expert panel opinion specifically addresses management of T2DM, awareness of other categories is important to avoid misclassification and ensure timely referral. The diagnosis of diabetes hinges on the measurement of blood glucose levels, with specific thresholds defining both prediabetes and diabetes. Early diagnosis and proper diabetes treatment can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes-associated complications, whereas misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis makes treatment decisions more challenging. Additionally, co-morbidities often require adjustments to standard management approaches. Junior and less experienced healthcare providers (HCPs) may struggle with these complexities, highlighting the need for clear guidance and structured support in clinical decision-making. A panel of 13 Egyptian experts analyzed global guidelines and challenges in managing diabetes in Egypt. Through a structured discussion, they formulated a streamlined resource for HCPs, outlining treatment strategies, comorbidity considerations, and referral guidelines to enhance the quality of care for people with diabetes. This expert opinion covers the following topics: (a) treatment options and glycemic targets, (b) insulin regimens, (c) T2DM associated with cardiovascular disease, and (d) diabetic kidney disease. This expert opinion provides a streamlined guide for HCPs, particularly those in primary care, to enhance diabetes management in Egypt. Adoption of such guideline-based recommendations is crucial to standardize care, improve glycemic outcomes, and reduce the long-term burden of complications. Implementing these recommendations may help mitigate diagnostic delays, optimize patient care, and reduce diabetes-related complications.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Primary Health CareEgyptHumansHypoglycemic AgentsPractice Guidelines as TopicReferral and ConsultationHypoglycemic AgentsDiabetes mellitusExpert opinionGlycemicInsulinPrediabetes

Identifiers

PMID41299307
PMCPMC12687541

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.