Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41299639›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2025

Barriers, facilitators, and the role of central coordination: understanding long COVID-19 healthcare access in a universal healthcare system.

Peter Gamillscheg-Müllner, Agata Łaszewska, Kathryn Hoffmann, Judit Simon, Susanne Mayer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Peter Gamillscheg-MüllnerDepartment of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4286-2285
Agata ŁaszewskaDepartment of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-3708
Kathryn HoffmannDepartment of Primary Care Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8760-4250
Judit SimonDepartment of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9279-8627
Susanne MayerDepartment of Health Economics, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, Vienna, 1090, Austria. susanne.mayer@meduniwien.ac.at.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-0478

Funding

Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna SO68900010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study comprehensively analyses healthcare access barriers and facilitators encountered by long COVID-19 patients in a universal healthcare system, including the potential role of central coordination units in alleviating the patient burden. STUDY

designRetrospective cross-sectional long COVID-19 patient questionnaire survey.

methodsData collection took place 10–12/2024 in Austria (n = 433). Conceptualized along the five steps of the ‘access to care’ framework, the questionnaire covered 47 barriers and 10 facilitators derived from a previous qualitative study. Descriptive statistics, Whitney-Mann-U and t-tests, as well as linear and ordered logistic regressions were used in the statistical analysis.

resultsBarriers were encountered in all access steps with the mean number of barriers considered problematic being 31.9 (SD 8.4) out of 47. The most common barriers were lacking information and the burden of self-organising one’s treatment (perceived as problematic by over 90%), followed by the need to consult private (non-contracted) doctors due to insufficient expertise in the public sector and difficulties in treating symptoms by GPs and specialists (85%). Participants living in federal states offering central coordination encountered statistically significantly fewer barriers, perceiving a mean of 17.4 barriers (SD 9.7) as very problematic compared to 21.0 (SD 9.2). Differences were particularly pronounced regarding the availability of services within the public sector and incurred costs although the overall burden remained high. Main facilitators included family and friends and the (information) exchange with other patients.

conclusionsOur findings have important policy and research implications beyond the Austrian context, supporting the establishment of central coordination units and research assessing the effectiveness and implementation of long COVID-19 pathways to improve patients’ healthcare access.

Indexed as

BarriersCentral coordinationFacilitatorsHealthcare accessLong COVID-19Survey

Identifiers

PMID41299639
PMCPMC12659563

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.