ReviewBrain sciences2025
Characterizing the Microenvironment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations to Test Novel Treatment Modalities.
Review in Brain sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) consist of a tangled nidus of abnormal dilated vessels characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins that lack an intervening capillary bed, creating a high-to-low flow pressure system that is predisposed to spontaneous hemorrhage with significant associated neurologic morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for bAVMs include the following: surgical resection, intravascular embolization to obliterate blood flow through the AVM, and radiosurgery. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of bAVM formation and factors that predispose it to hemorrhage can lead to novel treatments that can improve the prognosis for patients. This review summarizes emerging insights into the complex and dynamic molecular mechanisms of bAVMs. Dysregulation in key VEGF, TGF-β/BMP9/10-ENG-ALK1-SMAD4, Notch, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways drive abnormal angiogenesis in both syndromic and sporadic forms, with KRAS/BRAF/MAPK21 mutations specifically linked to the latter. Advances in bAVM-induced animal models have corroborated many of the genetic profiles found in humans, and they continue to provide novel insights into bAVM mechanisms. Collectively, these mechanistic findings are guiding translational advances, with targeted therapies and liquid biopsy approaches emerging as avenues for precision treatment and improved patient outcomes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.