Japanese Are Less Human-Centred than French: A New View on Spontaneous Perspective-Taking in Easterners.

Perspective-taking is fundamental to social interaction. In line with psychosocial ideas that Eastern societies value the individual's interdependence, recent experimental work suggests that they are more inclined to endorse another person's perspective than people from Western countries. There are, however, more cultural differences between those societies than interdependence. Because Eastern societies also sustain a more holistic nature of cognition, people from Eastern countries may simply tend to interpret the surrounding world from a less ego-centred perspective. Direct support for this idea was found when comparing the responses of Japanese and French participants in level-2 visuo-spatial perspective-taking tasks. As predicted, we observed a less egocentric bias in Japanese than in French participants. Crucially, this bias was not caused directly by a greater proportion endorsing the point of view of another person but rather indirectly by a higher disposition to spontaneously adopt non-human-centred perspectives.