ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from the Animal Health Sector in Zambia (2020-2024): Opportunities to Strengthen Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Stewardship Programs.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat that undermines treatment in humans and animals. In Zambia, where livestock production underpins food security and livelihoods, AMR challenges are aggravated by limited surveillance, weak diagnostics, and poor regulatory enforcement, facilitating the spread of resistant pathogens across the human-animal-environment interface. This study aims to analyse AMR patterns of bacterial isolates collected from Zambia's animal health sector between 2020 and 2024, to generate evidence that informs national AMR surveillance, supports antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions, and strengthens One Health strategies to mitigate the spread of resistant pathogens.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of previously collected routine laboratory data from five well-established animal health AMR surveillance sentinel sites between January 2020 and December 2024. Data were analysed by year, sample type, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) profiles using WHONET.
resultsA total of 1688 samples were processed, with faecal samples accounting for 87.6%. Animal environmental samples (feed, manure, litter, abattoir/meat processing floor, wall, and equipment surface swabs) (collected from abattoirs, water, and farms) increased significantly over time (
conclusionsThe findings of this study reveal rising resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the animal health sector. Despite the lack of molecular analysis, our findings underscore the urgent need for AMS programs and integrated AMR surveillance under Zambia's One Health strategy.
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