Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41301632›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Diagnostic Stewardship Trends and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated in Zambia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study (2020-2024).

Joseph Yamweka Chizimu, Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungia, Steward Mudenda, Zoran Muhimba, Chileshe Lukwesa, Webrod Mufwambi, Amon Siame, Kelvin Mwangilwa, Priscilla Gardner, Jimmy Hangoma and 30 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Joseph Yamweka ChizimuAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Aubrey Chichonyi KalungiaDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-2554-1236
Steward MudendaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-1692-8981
Zoran MuhimbaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Chileshe LukwesaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Webrod MufwambiDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Amon SiameCentres for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Kelvin MwangilwaSurveillance and Disease Intelligence Cluster, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Priscilla GardnerSurveillance and Disease Intelligence Cluster, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-8937-3142
Jimmy HangomaDepartment of Pharmacy, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-8973-9474
Victor DakaDepartment of Public Health, Copperbelt University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-9490-5609
Chikwanda ChilesheAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Ntombi B MudendaDepartment of Clinical Studies, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0009-0000-4013-7843
Maisa KasangaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-1724-7934
Misheck ShawaHokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Hokkaido University, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Herman ChambaroDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Duncan ChandaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-5477-9054
Taona SinyawaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Bertha ChibweCentres for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Kaunda KaundaCentres for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Kaunda YambaAction on Antibiotic Resistance (ReAct) Africa, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
O-Tipo ShikangaDepartment of Health, World Health Organization, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Freddie MasaningaDepartment of Health, World Health Organization, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Mpela ChibiDepartment of Health, World Health Organization, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Sandra Diana MwadetsaDepartment of Health, World Health Organization, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Doreen Mainza ShempelaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0009-0003-4945-6746
Mwendalubi Albert HadunkaCentres for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0009-0001-6480-6885
Samson MukaleAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Andrew BambalaDepartment of Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Malambo MutilaAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0002-4148-1993
Loveness SakalimbweAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Fred Mulako SimwinjiCentres for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Geoffrey MaindaFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Chie NakajimaDivision of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
Ruth NakazweAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Fusya GomaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Nyambe SinyangeAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
Yasuhiko SuzukiDivision of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1313-1494
John Bwalya MumaDepartment of Disease Control, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0001-6180-4051
Roma ChilengiAntimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Committee, Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-0221-9527

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe right diagnostic tests, for the right patient, at the right time, are key to optimising antimicrobial use (AMU) and preventing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study evaluated diagnostic stewardship trends and AMR patterns in Zambian surveillance sentinel sites from 2020 to 2024.

methodsThis descriptive, retrospective study analysed routine laboratory data from January 2020 to December 2024 at seven designated AMR surveillance sentinel sites across Zambia. Data on clinical specimens submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were extracted from WHONET and analysed by year, specimen type, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile.

resultsA total of 184,788 bacteriology specimens were processed over five years. Urine was the most frequently collected specimen, peaking above 20,000 in 2024.

conclusionsZambia faces a concerning and significant increase in AMR, with high resistance prevalence across commonly used antibiotics. Critical resistance alerts for VRE, linezolid, carbapenems, and possible ESBL-producing

Indexed as

antibioticsantimicrobial resistancebacteriadiagnostic stewardshippriority pathogenssentinel surveillancetrendsZambia

Identifiers

PMID41301632
PMCPMC12649732

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.