ReviewBiomedicines2025
Evolving the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A New Landscape in Light of the 2024 McDonald Criteria.
Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- French expert opinion on the long-term management of relapsing multiple sclerosis with cladribine tablets beyond year 4.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis as an asynchronous neuroinflammatory system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Implementing the 2024 revision of the McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis in Germany: Practical considerations and consensus recommendations.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) allows for prompt treatment initiation that can alter the disease course and prevent disability accumulation. The 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria aim to achieve earlier and more precise MS diagnosis by including new neuroimaging and biomarker advances. This review highlights key updates, including revised definitions of dissemination in space and time, along with new MRI features, including the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions. We also describe the role of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, including oligoclonal bands and kappa-free light chains. The updated criteria formally incorporate incidental imaging and nonspecific symptom presentations to enable diagnosis before either a first clinical attack or progression of neurological disability. Finally, we explore emerging and promising investigational tools for future incorporation into MS diagnosis, including advanced MRI techniques, fluid biomarkers, and applications of artificial intelligence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.