Impact of General Anesthetics on Postoperative Infections-A Narrative Review.

Taylor P L Butt, Lynn Jazzar, Palak Watts, Christian Lehmann

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Cerebrospinal fluid cellular and inflammatory profiles in tumor-related postoperative infections: influencing factors and clinical features in oncological patients.American journal of cancer research · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Taylor P L ButtDepartment of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2H 0A3, Canada.ORCID 0009-0007-2294-9646

Lynn JazzarDepartment of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2H 0A3, Canada.

Palak WattsDepartment of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2H 0A3, Canada.

Christian LehmannDepartment of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B2H 0A3, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6419-9168

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Postoperative infections represent the most frequent complication after surgery. Anesthetic agents, while essential during surgical procedures to ensure unconsciousness, are becoming increasingly recognized as modulators of immune function. Volatile anesthetics have been identified as being able to attenuate the inflammatory response in diverse experimental models. Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic, has also been described to exhibit strong anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This review synthesizes current cellular, experimental, and clinical evidence on the immunomodulatory effects of anesthetic agents, highlighting their impact on host defense mechanisms and postoperative infections. By exploring mechanistic properties and clinical outcomes, it underscores the importance of anesthetic choice in enhancing immune function and postoperative recovery.

Indexed as

anesthetic agentsimmune modulationpostoperative infection

Identifiers

PMID41302087

DOI10.3390/life15111662

PMCPMC12653178

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.