ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Maternal and Environmental Drivers of Trace Mineral Dynamics in Camel Dams and Neonates Across Regions and Seasons in Saudi Arabia.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Nutritional Disorders and Metabolic Adaptations in Dromedary Camels: Insights into Foregut Fermentation and Mineral Balance.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDromedary camel in Saudi Arabia thrive across diverse desert ecosystems where trace minerals are vital for key physiological functions, yet data on how regional and seasonal factors affect these minerals in dams and neonates are limited.
aimThis study investigated the effects of regional and seasonal variability on trace mineral status in dam serum (DS), dam milk (DM), and neonatal serum (NS) across major camel-rearing regions of Saudi Arabia. We hypothesized that environmental factors-particularly heat stress and local feed resources-drive regional and seasonal differences in mineral profiles and maternal-neonatal transfer.
methodsSamples of serum, milk, feed, water, and soil were collected from five major regions during three seasons. Concentrations of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and iodine (I) were quantified, and correlations among biological compartments were analyzed. Meteorological data were used to compute the temperature-humidity index (THI).
resultsThe THI ranged from thermoneutral levels in the Northern winter (17.4) to severe heat stress in Eastern summer (33.8). Milk minerals exhibited strong seasonal and regional effects, with selenium peaking in summer and zinc in spring. Western dams showed elevated iron and iodine, whereas northern dams had higher zinc. Serum minerals in dams varied moderately with season but differed regionally for zinc, selenium, and iron. Neonatal serum reflected maternal and regional influences, showing significant season-by-region interactions for selenium and iodine. Positive correlations indicated coordinated maternal-neonatal mineral transfer, particularly for selenium, iodine, and zinc. Feed represented the main environmental source of Cu and Se. In conclusion, camel trace mineral status is mainly driven by environmental factors but regulated through maternal transfer, with selenium and iodine emerging as key heat-stress markers supporting targeted, region- and season-specific supplementation to improve health and productivity in arid regions.
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