Evidence mapPaperPMID 41302946Full record

ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025

Beyond Lipids and Platelets: A Review of Anti-Inflammatory Strategies in Secondary Prevention of Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Girish Pathangey, Mohamed N Allam, Mahmoud H Abdelnabi, Dan Sorajja, Floyd David Fortuin, Kwan S Lee, Mayurkumar D Bhakta

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Girish PathangeyDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7594-9056
Mohamed N AllamDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7687-9344
Mahmoud H AbdelnabiDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
Dan SorajjaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1976-6420
Floyd David FortuinDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2820-6839
Kwan S LeeDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
Mayurkumar D BhaktaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-7516-2380

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite advances in lipid-lowering and antithrombotic therapy, patients with acute coronary syndromes remain at elevated risk for recurrent events due to persistent atherosclerotic inflammation. This review evaluates inflammation as a therapeutic target in secondary prevention and discusses established, investigational, and emerging strategies. Colchicine, now FDA-approved for cardiovascular risk reduction, lowered major adverse cardiovascular events in COLCOT and LoDoCo2. Canakinumab (IL-1β inhibition) reduced recurrent events in proportion to IL-6 and hsCRP suppression, while ziltivekimab (IL-6 inhibition) achieved profound biomarker reductions but remains investigational. Early-phase studies of anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist) and dapansutrile (oral NLRP3 inhibitor) showed anti-inflammatory effects in early trials, whereas varespladib and darapladib illustrated the challenges of targeting lipid-associated pathways. Beyond direct immunomodulators, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors provide both cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory benefits, reinforcing their expanding role post-ACS. Additional emerging avenues include triptolidiol, dasatinib, and BTK or JAK/STAT inhibitors, while novel approaches, such as nanozyme delivery systems and CRISPR-based editing, extend the therapeutic horizon. This review highlights the potential of inflammation-targeted therapies to advance secondary prevention in ACS by integrating current evidence and perspectives on future therapeutic developments.

Indexed as

acute coronary syndromesacute myocardial infarctionanti-inflammatory therapyatherosclerosisbiomarkerscardiometabolic therapiescoronary artery diseaseGLP-1 receptor agonistshsCRPIL-6immunomodulationNLRP3 inflammasomenovel therapeuticsplaque inflammationprecision medicineresidual risksecondary preventionSGLT2 inhibitorstranslational research

Identifiers

PMID41302946
PMCPMC12653462

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.