ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Effect of Laser Surface Treatment on the Bond Strength of Adhesive Materials to Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review.
Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of laser surface treatment on the bond strength of adhesive restorative materials to primary teeth. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and WorldCat up to July 2025 using the keywords primary teeth, deciduous teeth, milk teeth, laser, adhesion, bond strength. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 22 shear bond strength (SBS), three microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and one microshear bond strength (µSBS) investigations. Most studies evaluated erbium lasers (Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG), while fewer assessed diode, Nd:YAG or KTP devices. In dentin, erbium lasers at low-to-moderate energy levels consistently produced smear-free, micro-retentive surfaces with open tubules and bond strengths comparable to bur-prepared controls. High-energy irradiation, however, frequently caused microcracks, tubule collapse and reduced adhesion. In enamel, phosphoric acid etching remained the most effective conditioning method, although combined laser-acid pretreatment often improved bonding of sealants and composites. Material-dependent effects were also evident: resin composites generally outperformed glass ionomers, hybrids and bioactive restorative materials. Phosphoric acid etching remains indispensable for enamel conditioning, while dentin benefits from carefully controlled erbium laser irradiation in combination with suitable adhesive systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.