Evidence mapPaperPMID 41304552Full record

ArticleToxics2025

From Euphoria to Cardiac Stress: Role of Oxidative Stress on the Cardiotoxicity of Methylone and 3,4-DMMC.

Maria Moreira, Verónica Rocha, Ana Margarida Araújo, Márcia Carvalho

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maria MoreiraInstituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa (FP-I3ID), Fernando Pessoa University, Fernando Pessoa Teaching and Culture Foundation, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
Verónica RochaInstituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa (FP-I3ID), Fernando Pessoa University, Fernando Pessoa Teaching and Culture Foundation, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
Ana Margarida AraújoLaboratório Associado para a Química Verde/Rede de Química e Tecnologia (LAQV/REQUIMTE), Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4073-2121
Márcia CarvalhoInstituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa (FP-I3ID), Fernando Pessoa University, Fernando Pessoa Teaching and Culture Foundation, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-9884-4751

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia project UID/50006-Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-Tecnologias e Processos Limpos
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synthetic cathinones (SCs), commonly referred to as "bath salts", are a class of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) that elicit amphetamine-like effects and severe cardiovascular outcomes, including myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Despite these risks, the mechanisms underlying SC-induced cardiotoxicity remain poorly studied. This study investigated the in vitro cardiotoxicity of two prevalent SCs-methylone and 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC)-in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts, focusing on oxidative stress and the potential protective role of antioxidants. Cells were exposed to methylone (0.01-4.0 mM) or 3,4-DMMC (0.0005-0.8 mM) for 24 and 48 h, and cytotoxicity was assessed by an MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) were quantified by fluorescence, and antioxidant effects were evaluated using ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and Trolox. Both SCs caused concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with 3,4-DMMC showing higher potency than methylone (IC

Indexed as

antioxidantscardiotoxicityH9c2 cellsoxidative stresssynthetic cathinones

Identifiers

PMID41304552
PMCPMC12656588

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.