Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41306196›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders reports2025

The genetic overlap between major depressive disorder, white blood cell counts and interleukin 6.

Erik D Wiström, Kevin S O'Connell, Elise Koch, Piotr Jaholkowski, Guy F L Hindley, Nils Eiel Steen, Pravesh Parekh, Charge Consortium, Oleksandr Frei, Nadine Parker and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Erik D WiströmCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0009-0000-4498-9795
Kevin S O'ConnellCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Elise KochCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-3727-4470
Piotr JaholkowskiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-9408-3107
Guy F L HindleyCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Nils Eiel SteenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6442-1179
Pravesh ParekhCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1930-1167
Charge Consortium
Oleksandr FreiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6427-2625
Nadine ParkerCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Alexey ShadrinCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Srdjan DjurovicDepartment of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-8140-8061
Anders DaleDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Ole A AndreassenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-4461-3568
Olav B SmelandCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-3761-5215

Funding

OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
ABCD-USA Consortium: Data Analysis, Informatics and Resource CenterU24DA041123 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE · 2015 to 2026
$51.5M
Healthy Brain and Child Development National Consortium Data Coordinating CenterU24DA055330 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ANDERS M DALE, Damien A Fair · 2021 to 2026
$34.6M
The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7M
3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Advancing Discovery and ImpactR01MH124839 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ANDREASSEN, OLE A, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA041123NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA055330NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Immune dysregulation may contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we aimed to identify genetic architecture jointly associated with MDD, white blood cell (WBC) count and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Methods: Using genome-wide association studies summary statistics on MDD (330,173 cases and 727,595 controls), WBC counts ( Findings: We found a significant positive genetic correlation (rg = 0.22) between MDD and IL-6. MiXeR estimates indicated substantial differences in the polygenicity of MDD (13.7K variants), WBC subgroups (0.8K-1.8K variants), and IL-6 (0.2K variants), with 10.1 %-31.4 % of the variants influencing WBC subgroups overlapping with MDD. We identified MDD risk loci shared with basophils (8), eosinophils (17), lymphocytes (23), monocytes (14), neutrophils (20), and total WBC counts (20), as well as two loci shared between MDD and IL-6, at conjFDR Limitations: The analyses only included European ancestry samples, and the causal genes associated with the identified genetic loci were not experimentally validated. Conclusions: MDD shares genetic underpinnings with immune system components, which implicates immune- mediated pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD. However, this connection may only be relevant for a minority of patients.

Indexed as

Depressive etiologyGWASInterleukin 6LeukocyteMoBa

Identifiers

PMID41306196
PMCPMC12646636

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.