Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41306935›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in digital health2025

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: applications, challenges, and future directions. A narrative review informed by international, multidisciplinary expertise.

Ata Mohajer-Bastami, Sarah Moin, Suhaib Ahmad, Ahmed R Ahmed, Sjaak Pouwels, Shahab Hajibandeh, Wah Yang, Chetan Parmar, Mohammad Kermansaravi, Miriam Khalil and 15 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in digital health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Ata Mohajer-Bastami *Brompton Primary Care Network, London, United Kingdom.
Sarah Moin *Department of General Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Suhaib Ahmad *Department of Surgery, Health Education and Improvement Wales (HEIW), Wales, United Kingdom.
Ahmed R AhmedDepartment of Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Sjaak PouwelsDepartment of Surgery, Bielefeld University-Campus Detmold, Detmold, Germany.
Shahab HajibandehDepartment of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom.
Wah YangDepartment of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Chetan ParmarDepartment of Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Mohammad KermansaraviDepartment of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Hazrat-e Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Miriam KhalilSt James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
Ali Waleed KhalidSchool of Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom.
Ameer KhamiseSchool of Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom.
David RawafWHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Farzad HosseiniKingsmill Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Anurag AgarwalDepartment of General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales, United Kingdom.
Anil LalaDepartment of General Surgery, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales, United Kingdom.
Shafi AhmedBart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Bijendra PatelBart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Barbara FyntanidouDirector, University Emergency Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Richard EganDepartment of Surgery, Health Education and Improvement Wales (HEIW), Wales, United Kingdom.
Stavroula G MougiakakouARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, AI in Health and Nutrition, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Dominik Andreas JakobDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Vincent RibordyDepartment of Emergency Medicine, HFR Fribourg-Cantonal Hospital, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
Wolf E HautzDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Aristomenis K ExadaktylosDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This narrative review evaluates the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, summarizing its historical evolution, current applications across medical and surgical specialties, and implications for allied health professions and biomedical research. Methods: We conducted a structured literature search in Ovid MEDLINE (2018-2025) using terms related to AI, machine learning, deep learning, large language models, generative AI, and healthcare applications. Priority was given to peer-reviewed articles providing novel insights, multidisciplinary perspectives, and coverage of underrepresented domains. Key findings: AI is increasingly applied to diagnostics, surgical navigation, risk prediction, and personalized medicine. It also holds promise in allied health, drug discovery, genomics, and clinical trial optimization. However, adoption remains limited by challenges including bias, interpretability, legal frameworks, and uneven global access. Contributions: This review highlights underexplored areas such as generative AI and allied health professions, providing an integrated multidisciplinary perspective. Conclusions: With careful regulation, clinician-led design, and global equity considerations, AI can augment healthcare delivery and research. Future work must focus on robust validation, responsible implementation, and expanding education in digital medicine.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencedeep learningdigital healthgenerative AIhealthcarelarge language modelsmachine learningsurgery

Identifiers

PMID41306935
PMCPMC12645148

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.