Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41307194›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2026

Effects of Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation on Speech and Swallowing in Pediatric Patients with Dystonia.

Katerina Bernardi, Andrea A Kühn, Ana Luísa de Almeida Marcelino, Matthias Eckenweiler, Cornelia Rensing-Zimmermann, Joachim K Krauss, Joachim Runge, Rene Marquez Franco, Delia Lorenz, Monika Müller and 7 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Katerina BernardiDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Andrea A KühnDepartment of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Ana Luísa de Almeida MarcelinoDepartment of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-7222
Matthias EckenweilerDepartment of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Cornelia Rensing-ZimmermannDepartment of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Joachim K KraussDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0675-9064
Joachim RungeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Rene Marquez FrancoDepartment of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2376-1542
Delia LorenzDepartment of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Monika MüllerDepartment of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Alfons SchnitzlerInstitute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Andrea BevotDepartment of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Lidwin von SpeeDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Veerle Visser-VandewalleDepartment of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Lars TimmermannDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Petra SchillerInstitute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Anne KoyDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7991-4432

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) is a proven safe and effective treatment in certain forms of idiopathic or inherited dystonia (ID/IN). Its effects in acquired dystonia such as in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) however vary widely. The impact of GPi-DBS on speech and swallowing, which significantly affect quality of life, remains poorly understood, especially in pediatric patients.

objectiveTo evaluate GPi-DBS effects on speech and swallowing using the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2 (FDA-2), in pediatric patients with dystonia, and assess how the effects differ between DCP and ID/IN patients.

methodsThis pro- and retrospective multicenter study analyzes speech and swallowing pre- and 12 months post-GPi-DBS using FDA-2, including prospective data from the STIM-CP trial and retrospective data from the GEPESTIM registry.

resultsTwenty-six patients were included (17 male, 9 female; 14 DCP, 12 ID/IN) with mean age of 12.2 years at DBS. No significant changes in FDA-2 total scores were observed pre- and post-DBS (pre: 46.3 ± 33.6; post: 46.3 ± 34.2). ID/IN patients showed consistently higher scores compared to DCP patients both pre- and post-DBS (P < 0.005). When adjusted for age, medication, and pre-surgical values, group differences narrowed, with minimal changes from baseline in both groups.

conclusionGPi-DBS did not significantly change FDA-2 scores pre- and post-DBS. Assessing speech and swallowing in pediatric patients with dystonia, impaired expressive language and/or intellectual disability is challenging. More comprehensive and patient-centered assessment tools are needed to fully capture DBS effects on these domains in these complex disabled patients.

Indexed as

Deep Brain StimulationDeglutitionDeglutition DisordersDystoniaGlobus PallidusSpeechSpeech DisordersAdolescentChildFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeDBSdystoniaFrenchay dysarthria assessment 2speechswallowing

Identifiers

PMID41307194
PMCPMC13172749

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.