Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41307680›Full record

SynthesisPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2026

Accuracy of validated blood pressure measuring devices for out-of-office measurement in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kleo Evripidou, Athanasia Chainoglou, Christina Antza, Carla Simao, Ioannis Goulas, Javier Calpe, Vasilios Kotsis, Gilad Hamdani, Stella Stabouli, HyperChildNET Working Group

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kleo Evripidou1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-3651
Athanasia Chainoglou1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-9515
Christina Antza3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-7435
Carla SimaoDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria, FMUL, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-6998
Ioannis Goulas1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-5327
Javier CalpeAnalog Devices, SLU, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3418-7099
Vasilios Kotsis3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-8097
Gilad HamdaniNephrology and Hypertension Institute, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-5088
Stella Stabouli1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. sstaboul@auth.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-8198
HyperChildNET Working Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlood pressure (BP) measuring devices must demonstrate clinical accuracy proven by proper validation testing in the intended population, following recommendations published by scientific organizations.

objectivesThis review aims to evaluate out-of-office validated BP measuring devices in children and adolescents and discuss their accuracy based on current validation standards. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Only successful, validated studies for out-of-office BP measuring devices were included. Studies for office blood pressure measuring (OBPM) devices or devices that failed validation were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS

methodsBased on the eligibility criteria, 17 validation studies on BP measuring devices were included, 8 for home blood pressure measurement (HBPM), and 9 for ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM). The accuracy of validated devices and the quality of the eligible studies were evaluated using the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018). DATA SOURCES: The systematic search was conducted through three search engines (PubMed, Scopus, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)).

resultsWhen assessing on AAMI/ESH/ISO 2018 validation criterion 1, HBPM devices showed significantly lower accuracy than ABPM devices, in terms of absolute mean difference (MD, in mmHg) for systolic blood pressure (SBP) (1.35, 95%CI: 0.21 to 2.50, P = 0.023). Meta-analysis results using signed values showed no significant difference (ABPM: -0.49 mmHg, 95%CI: -1.40 to 0.41; HBPM: 1.34 mmHg, 95%CI: -0.55 to 3.24; P = 0.086). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed high heterogeneity (I LIMITATIONS: The primary limitation was the lack of separate reporting for the pediatric population concerning the parameters used in the validation process. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY

findingsFew BP devices are validated for out-of-office use in the pediatric population, with ABPM devices showing higher accuracy than HBPM devices. Compliance with pediatric-specific validation recommendations should be encouraged to ensure the accuracy of these devices in the pediatric population, while manufacturer-independent, systematic validation studies are needed.  SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO ID-CRD42025643559.

Indexed as

Blood Pressure DeterminationBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryAdolescentBlood PressureChildHumansReproducibility of ResultsAdolescentsAmbulatory BPBP measuring devicesChildrenHome BPValidationΟut-of-office BP measurement

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.