Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41309358›Full record

ArticlePrimary care diabetes2026

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with diet quality in low-income adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Kristine D Gu, Daniel Shinnick, Tanayott Thaweethai, Jessica Cheng, Deborah J Wexler, Anne N Thorndike

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Primary care diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kristine D GuDivision of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: kristine.gu@ucsf.edu.
Daniel ShinnickMassachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics, Boston, MA, United States.
Tanayott ThaweethaiHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics, Boston, MA, United States.
Jessica ChengDivision of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Deborah J WexlerDivision of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Anne N ThorndikeHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.

Funding

CVD Epidemiology Training Program in Behavior, the Environment and Global HealthT32HL098048 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Goodarz Danaei, ERIC B RIMM · 2009 to 2026
$6.9M
P&F programP30DK135043 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Deborah J Wexler · 2023 to 2026
$5.4M
LiveWell 2: Assessment of a Medicaid ACO program to address food and housing insecurityR01DK124145 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Anne N Thorndike · 2019 to 2026
$5.4M
Mentorship in patient-oriented research on behavioral and social determinants of cardiometabolic healthK24HL163073 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Anne N Thorndike · 2023 to 2026
$504k
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support for People with Type 2 Diabetes Experiencing Food Insecurity: A Mixed Methods StudyF32DK141094 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI GU, KRISTINE · 2024 to 2024
$84k
NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL163073NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL098048NIDDK NIH HHS F32 DK141094NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK135043NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK124145
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsLow-income adults face barriers to diabetes prevention and self-management, especially healthy eating. This study assessed factors associated with diet quality in low-income adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly modifiable factors that could be targeted in diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES).

methodsThis secondary analysis of a cohort of low-income health center patients in Boston, Massachusetts determined the association between diet quality and sociodemographic (e.g., race/ethnicity, social support) and behavioral (e.g., depression) factors in adults with prediabetes or T2D. Primary outcome was Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI; range 0-100, higher=healthier). Random forests, interpreted using Shapley Additive Explanation values, were fit to determine relative importance of factors in predicting HEI.

resultsOf 278 participants, 42 % had prediabetes and 58 % had T2D. Median age (IQR) was 52 (43, 57); 58 % were Hispanic. Top factors associated with higher HEI were older age, female gender, and Hispanic ethnicity; other important factors were non-smoking, greater dietary variety, less time sitting, higher sleep quality, lower stress, more social support, and fewer depression symptoms.

conclusionModifiable factors for low diet quality, such as dietary variety, social support, and stress, could be emphasized in diabetes prevention and DSMES programs tailored for low-income populations.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diet, HealthyFeeding BehaviorHealth BehaviorHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePovertyPrediabetic StateAdultAgedAge FactorsBostonFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsDietary qualityHealth-related social needsLow-incomePrediabetesSelf-managementType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41309358
PMCPMC12912162

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.