Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41310190›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Eco friendly deep eutectic solvent based extraction of Raphanus sativus leaf bioactives with mechanistic and antibacterial evaluation.

Laxmikant R Patil, Gururaj N Bhadri, Nidanaaz H Jakati, Umesh B Deshannavar, Amith H Gadagi, Md Kareemullah, Kahkashan Perveen, Najla A Alshaikh, Yohanis Dabesa Jelila, Osamah J Al-Sareji

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Laxmikant R PatilDepartment of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, India. lrpatil@kletech.ac.in.
Gururaj N BhadriDepartment of Mathematics, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, India.
Nidanaaz H JakatiDepartment of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, India.
Umesh B DeshannavarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering & Technology, Warana University, Warananagar, India.
Amith H GadagiKLE Technological University's Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, India.
Md KareemullahDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India.
Kahkashan PerveenDepartment of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 800, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Najla A AlshaikhDepartment of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 800, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Yohanis Dabesa JelilaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box. 378, Jimma, Ethiopia. yohanis.jelila@ju.edu.et.
Osamah J Al-SarejiSustainability Solutions Research Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem Str.,10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.

Funding

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ORF-2025-358
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives to conventional organic solvents for bioactive recovery. In this study, five DESs-Pro-Gly, Bet-Gly, ChCl-OA, ChCl-Gly, and CC-Gly-were synthesized and screened for their ability to extract phenolics and flavonoids from Raphanus sativus (Radish) leaves. Among them, Pro-Gly exhibited the highest efficiency, yielding 14 mg GAE/g DW of phenolics. Extraction was further optimized using ultrasound-assisted extraction, where cavitation-driven cell wall disruption enhanced solvent penetration and mass transfer. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) identified water content in DES as the most influential factor, while the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST) model provided accurate predictive capability with mean errors below 14%. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the Pro-Gly extract confirmed hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic functional groups, indicating successful recovery and stabilization of phenolics and flavonoids through solvent-solute interactions. The extract displayed strong antioxidant capacity and notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive strains, with inhibition zones comparable to ampicillin. These findings demonstrate the dual role of DESs as green solvents and functional enhancers, highlighting their potential applications in food preservation, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDeep Eutectic SolventsPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesRaphanusAntioxidantsFlavonoidsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPhenolsSolventsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsDeep Eutectic SolventsFlavonoidsPhenolsPlant ExtractsSolventsAntioxidant activityDeep eutectic solvents (DES)FlavonoidsFourier-transform infrared (FTIR)NutraceuticalsPhenolic compoundsRaphanus sativus leavesResponse surface methodology (RSM)Ultrasound-assisted extractionXGBoost modeling

Identifiers

PMID41310190
PMCPMC12749590

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.