ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Single-molecule sensing with an anthrax nanopore enabled by pH-asymmetric ionic liquids.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond the Static Caliper: Dynamical Translocases and the Mathematical Imperative for Single-Molecule Proteomics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Rational Engineering of the Anthrax Toxin Nanopore Interface for Orthogonal Peptide Classification.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Nanopore-Based, Real-Time Single-Molecule Probing of i-Motif Structural Dynamics and Targeted PNA Disruption.Nano letters · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The anthrax protective antigen self-assembles into a heptameric transmembrane channel under acidic conditions, exhibiting characteristic biological nanopore properties. However, the anthrax channel faces significant challenges in single-molecule nanopore sensing due to inherent instability issues such as sudden current attenuation, frequent channel occlusion and noise interference, primarily mediated by phenylalanine clamps within the channel lumen. To address these limitations on nanopore sensing, we designed four electrolyte systems (KCl, NaCl, LiCl, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl) with asymmetric ionic strength and pH condition to stabilize the anthrax nanopore platform. While traditional alkali metal chlorides (KCl, NaCl, LiCl) showed partial improvement in electrical properties, the [BMIM]Cl system with pH asymmetry enabled a stable nanopore with optimal electrical characteristics, including diminished channel occlusion, enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, steady discrete constant and current strength of open-pore, all indicative of uniform ion transport. Furthermore, the stabilized anthrax nanopore demonstrated exceptional molecular detection capability, resolving single-molecule discrimination of homologous peptides of MAPKK gene families which are key signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various biology processes in eukaryotic organisms. This work establishes a robust nanopore platform for high-resolution small-molecule detection and highlights the unique advantages of ionic liquids in regulating nanoscale molecule transport.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.