ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2025
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphoma in the past 26 years (2000-2025).
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Intravenous hyaluronidase-expressing oncolytic adenovirus with chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a randomized phase 2b trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Tumor-intrinsic NSUN2 orchestrates immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma via the mExperimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial metabolism and PD-1 blockade: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Immunoregulatory strategies of MOF-based nanodrug delivery systems: Advances in cancer therapy applications and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- NOD1/2 signaling in macrophages drives adaptive immune resistance in cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Translating a Preclinical Hydrogel Platform into a Human Therapeutic for Delivering Targeted Low-Dose Anti-CTLA-4.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy synergizes with CD24 blockade to initiate macrophage-driven systemic antitumor immunity in non-small cell lung cancer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Bidirectional crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor immunity: shaping the microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint therapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Bullous Pemphigoid: A Spanish Multicentric Case Series.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Observational
- Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 remodels the tumor immune microenvironment and sensitizes lung cancer to PD-L1 blockade.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the past 30 years (1997-2026).Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- DSG2+ Cancer Stem Cells Co-Located With FAP+ Myofibroblasts in the Tumor Boundary That Determines the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Regulation of natural killer cell infiltration and tumor progression by CMTM6 in gastric cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- CTSG-expressing mast cells confer resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Synergistic neoadjuvant radioimmunotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: mechanisms of pathologic response and the shift toward organ preservation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metal-based nanodrugs for cancer immunotherapy: smart nanosystems, immunomodulatory mechanisms, and translational perspectives.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy originated from the use of Coley's toxins at the end of the nineteenth century. However, immunotherapy had not made great strides in cancer treatment until the discovery of immune checkpoints among which cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are the most representative ones. Since the first CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab started the first clinical trial in 2000, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has gradually emerged as the most successful and widely applied strategy in the field of cancer immunotherapy, revolutionizing treatment paradigms across a broad spectrum of malignancies. Recently, the approvals of monoclonal antibodies targeting lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) and novel bispecific antibodies targeting immune checkpoints may indicate the next wave of ICI agents development in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview and in-depth discussion covering the current ICI treatment landscape in the past 26 years (2000-2025), indications and limitations of efficacy-predicting biomarkers, immune-related adverse events, resistance mechanisms and overcoming strategies, as well as future directions of ICI therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.