Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41310874›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2025

Associations between sex hormones and obesity-related indicators: results from the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study.

Yong Yuan, Shuhao Cui, Yingqi Hou, Xiaofan Meng, Yanqiu Huang, Feng Xu, Wentao Shi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of medical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yong Yuan *Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shuhao Cui *Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yingqi Hou *Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Xiaofan Meng *Shanghai JingAn District ZhaBei Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Yanqiu HuangSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Feng XuClinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. xufenghhou@163.com.
Wentao ShiClinical Research Unit, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. shiwentaotobe@163.com.

Funding

Promoting Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation in Municipal Hospitals SHDC2022CRS025Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Management Research Project 2018SKMR-08
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study sought to explore the relationships between sex hormones and obesity-related markers, while utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate their causal links.

methodsData from 5179 participants of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models were utilized to examine linear and non-linear associations between sex hormones and obesity-related parameters. Causal inference was explored via a two-sample MR analysis, with inverse-variance weighting (IVW) as the primary approach.

resultsCross-sectional assessments showed that in males, testosterone levels, SHBG, and T/E2 ratio were negatively correlated with obesity, while estradiol displayed a non-linear, inverted U-shaped relationship. In females, estradiol and SHBG had negative associations with adiposity measures. MR analysis revealed that genetically increased Bio-T was associated with lower obesity risk in males, while SHBG showed a negative correlation with visceral and waist obesity. In females, Bio-T and FAI were associated with higher visceral adipose tissue volume and waist circumference, findings consistent with potential causal effects.

conclusionsSex hormones show sex-specific associations with obesity. Testosterone is protective against obesity in males, whereas female hyperandrogenism elevates the risk of obesity, particularly central obesity. These results offer novel perspectives for obesity-related health interventions.

Indexed as

Gonadal Steroid HormonesObesityAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEstradiolFemaleHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinTestosteroneEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesSex Hormone-Binding GlobulinSHBG protein, humanTestosteroneCausationMendelian randomizationNational Health and Nutrition Examination SurveyObesity-related indicatorsSex hormones

Identifiers

PMID41310874
PMCPMC12683816

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.