Effects of dry needling compared to magnesium infiltration in trigger points for patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled study in Tunisia.

Background: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common condition characterized by localized muscular discomfort and trigger points. Dry needling mechanically disrupts trigger points, while magnesium infiltration relaxes muscles and reduces inflammation. Evidence directly comparing these treatments is scarce. This study aimed to compare their effectiveness in reducing pain, improving quality of life, and alleviating anxiety and depression. Methods: A randomized controlled trial included 45 patients assigned to dry needling (Group A) or magnesium infiltration (Group B). Interventions were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured with the Visual Analog Scale. Secondary outcomes were physical and mental health (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Results: Both treatments significantly improved pain, mental and physical health, and reduced anxiety and depression at 1 and 3 months. By 6 months, improvements were maintained but not statistically significant. No significant differences were observed between groups at any time point. Conclusion: Dry needling and magnesium infiltration were both effective in the short to medium term for reducing pain and enhancing quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Although each treatment improved outcomes, neither demonstrated superior effectiveness. Both approaches remain viable therapeutic options. Further long-term studies are needed to clarify sustained benefits and guide clinical use (trial registration: PACTR202309751113430).