Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41311418›Full record

ArticleOphthalmology science2026

Age-Related Associations of Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness with Retinal Arterial Structure.

Ran Xiang, Yuki Muraoka, Takahiro Kogo, Yu Hidaka, Yuki Mori, Masayuki Hata, Masahiro Miyake, Satoshi Morita, Yasuharu Tabara, Fumihiko Matsuda and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ran XiangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yuki MuraokaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Takahiro KogoDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yu HidakaDepartment of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yuki MoriDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Masayuki HataDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Masahiro MiyakeDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Satoshi MoritaDepartment of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yasuharu TabaraGraduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka, Japan.
Fumihiko MatsudaCenter for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Akitaka TsujikawaDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and arterial stiffness, measured via the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), with retinal arterial structure assessed by OCT, and examine age-related differences. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of a community-based Japanese cohort. Participants: A total of 6969 adults (mean age, 57.6 years; 69.6% women) who underwent OCT imaging between 2012 and 2016. Methods: Peripapillary circular OCT B-scans were used to assess the 4 largest retinal arteries. OCT-derived parameters included outer diameter (OD), inner diameter (ID), wall thickness, and wall reflectivity. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for demographic, ocular, and systemic covariates. Interaction analyses evaluated age modification, followed by analyses stratified by age (<65 vs. ≥65 years). Main Outcome Measures: OCT-based measurements of OD, ID, wall thickness, and wall reflectivity. Results: Higher SBP was associated with smaller OD (β = -0.136, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.151 to -0.120) and ID (β = -0.136, 95% CI: -0.150 to -0.121). The CAVI was positively associated with wall reflectivity (β = 0.371, 95% CI: -0.081 to 0.822). Interaction analyses indicated age-related modification (SBP × age for OD: β = 0.005; ID: β = 0.005; CAVI × age for wall reflectivity: β = 0.030). In stratified analyses, the inverse associations of SBP with OD and ID were stronger in participants aged <65 years (OD: β = -0.186; ID: β = -0.178) than in those aged ≥65 years (OD: β = -0.076; ID: β = -0.085). For CAVI, no clear association with wall reflectivity was found in participants aged <65 years (β = -0.165), whereas a positive association was observed in those aged ≥65 years (β = 0.725). Conclusions: OCT-based retinal arterial measurements revealed age-dependent associations with systemic vascular factors. In younger adults, elevated SBP was linked to narrower arterial diameters, reflecting functional vasoconstriction, whereas in older adults, greater wall reflectivity was associated with arterial stiffness, suggesting structural remodeling. These findings support OCT as a noninvasive tool for assessing different stages of microvascular aging, warranting confirmation in longitudinal studies. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

Indexed as

Arterial stiffnessNagahama studyOCTRetinal arterial structureSystolic blood pressure

Identifiers

PMID41311418
PMCPMC12651487

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.