ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Investigating the mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease using the living myocardial slice platform.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Review.Biology · 2026Review
- Bioengineered Cellular and Acellular Therapies for Ischemic Heart Disease in Clinically Relevant Models.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a regulatory role in homeostasis, associated with their contribution to cell-cell communication. Recently, it has been confirmed that they also regulate the progression of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, myocardial injury induces an increase in the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), both in the cardiac microenvironment and peripheral circulation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid bilayer particles within the size range of 35-200 nm and are secreted by all cell types. Their high content of bioactive cargo-primarily miRNA-is altered in response to external stimuli, leading to behavioral changes of the recipient cells. In the context of cardiovascular disease, this change leads to acute and long term functional, structural, and biochemical effects on the myocardium. However, the mechanism behind the altered sEVs secretion and their changes in content in the context of cardiovascular disease is yet to be determined. That is partially due to the challenges associated with the isolation of cardiac-derived sEVs, which are essential for the investigation of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular disease progression. Living myocardial slices (LMS) provide an ideal platform for the isolation and investigation of sEVs function in the myocardium. Indeed, LMS not only maintain the cellular complexity and architecture of the native adult myocardium but can also be cultured over days/weeks without significant alterations in cardiac function, making them a reliable model for sEVs isolation and characterization at multiple timepoints. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the effect of sEVs on the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and to discuss different methods for their isolation from LMSs and the investigation of their functional, structural, and biochemical effect on the myocardium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.