Evidence mapPaperPMID 41311509Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025

Investigating the mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease using the living myocardial slice platform.

Fani Koutentaki, Laura Nicastro, Richard J R Kelwick, Paul S Freemont, Cesare M Terracciano

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fani KoutentakiNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Laura NicastroNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Richard J R KelwickSection of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Paul S FreemontSection of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Cesare M TerraccianoNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a regulatory role in homeostasis, associated with their contribution to cell-cell communication. Recently, it has been confirmed that they also regulate the progression of cardiovascular disease. Specifically, myocardial injury induces an increase in the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), both in the cardiac microenvironment and peripheral circulation. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are lipid bilayer particles within the size range of 35-200 nm and are secreted by all cell types. Their high content of bioactive cargo-primarily miRNA-is altered in response to external stimuli, leading to behavioral changes of the recipient cells. In the context of cardiovascular disease, this change leads to acute and long term functional, structural, and biochemical effects on the myocardium. However, the mechanism behind the altered sEVs secretion and their changes in content in the context of cardiovascular disease is yet to be determined. That is partially due to the challenges associated with the isolation of cardiac-derived sEVs, which are essential for the investigation of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular disease progression. Living myocardial slices (LMS) provide an ideal platform for the isolation and investigation of sEVs function in the myocardium. Indeed, LMS not only maintain the cellular complexity and architecture of the native adult myocardium but can also be cultured over days/weeks without significant alterations in cardiac function, making them a reliable model for sEVs isolation and characterization at multiple timepoints. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the effect of sEVs on the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and to discuss different methods for their isolation from LMSs and the investigation of their functional, structural, and biochemical effect on the myocardium.

Indexed as

cardiovascular diseasecell-cell crosstalkextracellular vesiclesliving myocardial slicesmechanismssmall extracellular vesicles

Identifiers

PMID41311509
PMCPMC12646995

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.