ArticleCHEST pulmonary2025
Impact of Effect Modification of Type 2 Inflammation and Sex on Asthma Exacerbation Rates.
Article in CHEST pulmonary, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Sex on Prediction of Asthma Attacks by Clinical Risk Factors and Type 2 Biomarkers.Chest · 2026Pooled it
- What Sex-Specific Differences Tells Us About Additive vs Synergistic Risk Prediction in Asthma.CHEST pulmonary · 2025Article
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7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies have identified predictors of asthma exacerbations; however, most lack integration of type 2 (T2) inflammatory markers. RESEARCH QUESTION: In a large electronic health record database, what are predictors of asthma exacerbation rates and is there interaction by T2 inflammation, female sex, and obesity? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data of patients with asthma followed for at least 1 year in the UCHealth system. The primary outcome was asthma exacerbation rate, defined by the prescription of an oral corticosteroid burst. Predictors of interest included T2 high inflammation, defined as absolute eosinophil count (AEC) ≥ 300 cells/μL, BMI, and sex. Predictors of the numbers of exacerbation and prespecified interactions were identified with negative binomial models. A natural cubic spline was used to model the dose response between AEC and exacerbation rate.
resultsThe cohort included 70,939 patients with asthma; 52% had T2 high inflammation and 62% were female, with 70% of patients being overweight or obese. Individuals with T2 high inflammation had higher adjusted rates of exacerbation (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10-1.16). AEC predicted exacerbation frequency in a dose-dependent manner. There was significant effect modification by sex, with female participants with T2 high inflammation having increased exacerbation rates compared with male participants with T2 high inflammation.
interpretationThis study finds an increase in exacerbation rate among patients with T2 high inflammation with asthma and shows a dose-dependent response to AEC. To our knowledge, this is the first study to find effect modification by sex and T2 status, identifying a group of patients who could potentially benefit from T2-targeted biologic therapy to decrease their exacerbation rate.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.