Association between occupational heat exposure and early renal dysfunction among Chinese petrochemical workers: a combined machine learning and WQS modeling study.

Objective: To investigate the association between occupational heat exposure and hyperuricemia among petrochemical workers. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the association between workplace heat exposure and hyperuricemia by using 10 years of occupational health examination records from 2,312 petrochemical workers in Fujian Province, China. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were employed to estimate the effects of individual exposures. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was used to evaluate the combined effects of multiple occupational exposures and to identify the relative contribution of each exposure factor. A hyperuricemia risk prediction model was developed using the LightGBM machine-learning algorithm, with feature importance assessed using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values. Results: Occupational heat exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.28-2.20). In the GLM analysis, co-exposure to heat with benzene (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.05-3.55), H Conclusion: Occupational heat exposure in petrochemical settings is significantly associated with hyperuricemia, suggesting potential early renal dysfunction risk. Integrating machine learning-based predictive models into workplace health surveillance may facilitate the early identification and management of high-risk workers. However, causal inference remains limited by the retrospective design and potential residual confounding, underscoring the need for prospective studies to validate and extend these findings.