Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41313398›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of pediatrics2026

Association Between Maternal Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and Non-familial Retinoblastoma in Children: A Case-Control Study.

Arti Yadav, Manjit Kaur, Tanvi Bhatia, Swetha Palla, Ritu Aggarwal, Madhulika Sharma, Vanita Suri, Usha Singh, Deepak Bansal

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Article in Indian journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Arti Yadav *Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Manjit Kaur *Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Tanvi BhatiaDepartment of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Swetha PallaPediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Ritu AggarwalDepartment of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Madhulika SharmaDepartment of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Vanita SuriDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Usha SinghDepartment of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Deepak BansalPediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. deepakbansaldr@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1009-7649

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interaction between the RB1 tumor suppressor and human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins is established; however, the reported prevalence of HPV in retinoblastoma varies widely (0-82%). The authors hypothesized that maternal HPV infection contributes to non-familial retinoblastoma. A case-control study was conducted (2016-2020) at a single center. Cases included mothers of children with unilateral, non-familial retinoblastoma delivered vaginally; controls were mothers of unaffected children. Cervical smears were tested for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction, and subtypes were identified using the HPV Genoarray kit. Forty-two cases and 57 controls were enrolled. Both groups did not differ in age at marriage/first conception, or in residence; however, the cases were older (P = 0.05) and had a higher socioeconomic status (P = 0.02). High-risk HPV was detected in 11 (26.1%) cases and 13 (22.8%) controls (P = 0.69). The similar frequency of high-risk HPV in both groups does not support maternal HPV infection as an etiological factor for non-familial retinoblastoma.

Indexed as

Papillomavirus InfectionsRetinal NeoplasmsRetinoblastomaAdultCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMalePapillomaviridaePregnancyCervical smearHuman papillomavirusLow and middle-income countryMaternal transmissionRetinoblastomaVaginal delivery

Identifiers

PMID41313398

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.