Evidence mapPaperPMID 41314668Full record

ArticleRMD open2025

Identification of individuals at high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: a balanced random forest model in a cohort of 1544 first-degree relatives.

Romain Aymon, Céline Lamacchia, Benoit Thomas P Gilbert, Maresa Grundhuber, Isabel Gehring, Sascha Swiniarski, Olivia Studer, Zubeyir Salis, Romain Guemara, David Spoerl and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RMD open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Romain AymonDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland romain.aymon@hcuge.ch.ORCID 0000-0003-2854-3632
Céline LamacchiaDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
Benoit Thomas P GilbertDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6037-6470
Maresa GrundhuberThermo Fisher Scientific, Freiburg, Germany.
Isabel GehringThermo Fisher Scientific, Freiburg, Germany.
Sascha SwiniarskiThermo Fisher Scientific, Freiburg, Germany.
Olivia StuderDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
Zubeyir SalisUniversité de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Romain GuemaraDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
David SpoerlDepartment of Immunology and Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
Jean DudlerDepartment of Rheumatology, HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Burkhard MöllerRheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern, Bern, BE, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8769-6167
Diana DanRheumatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Laure BrulhartRheumatology, Réseau hospitalier neuchâtelois, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland.
Ines Von MühlenenRheumatology Office, Rheuma-Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Diego KyburzDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Andrea Rubbert-RothDivision of Rheumatology and Immunology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Sankt Gallen, SG, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9016-2833
Adrian CiureaDepartment of Rheumatology, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7870-7132
Ruediger MuellerRheumazentrum Ostschweiz, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Delphine S CourvoisierDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.
Axel FinckhDivision of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneve, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1210-4347

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo identify in a genetically susceptible population individuals at higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a classification approach combining known epidemiological risk factors, serological biomarkers, genetics, clinical signs and symptoms.

methodsWe used data from the prospective SCREEN-RA (Evaluation of a SCREENing strategy for Rheumatoid Arthritis) cohort of 1540 first-degree relatives of RA patients (RA-FDRs). The primary outcome was the development of RA. Additionally, we used seropositive inflammatory arthritis (IA) as a secondary outcome for exploratory analyses. Balanced random forest (BRF) models were fit and evaluated through fivefold cross-validation to avoid overfitting. We chose a classification threshold that targeted high sensitivity.

resultsAfter a mean follow-up of 7.1 years, 27 participants developed RA and 126 developed seropositive IA. The BRF demonstrated moderate predictive performance, characterised by high sensitivity (≥0.85) but modest specificity. Rheumatoid factors (RFs) had the highest importance in RA prediction, followed by symptoms of 'clinically suspected arthralgia' (CSA) scale. Age, gender and anti-RA33 autoantibodies were the main variables for the prediction of seropositive IA.

conclusionsOverall, the results demonstrate that predicting RA by combining genetics, serological biomarkers, epidemiological risk factors and clinical signs is promising, although model generalisation remains challenging. The low prevalence of RA in the cohort complicates the development of highly accurate prediction models. Future efforts should focus on including external validation and potentially incorporating additional biomarkers to enhance the sensitivity and overall performance of the predictive tests.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAdultAgedAutoantibodiesBiomarkersFamilyFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRandom ForestRheumatoid FactorRisk FactorsAutoantibodiesBiomarkersRheumatoid FactorArthritis, RheumatoidBiomarkersEpidemiologyMachine LearningSensitivity and Specificity

Identifiers

PMID41314668
PMCPMC12666099

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.