Evidence mapPaperPMID 41316190Full record

Trial reportBMC psychiatry2025

Virtual reality intervention for visual perception in schizophrenia-a single blind pilot randomized controlled trial.

Berkan Torpil, Mehmet Cetinkaya

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06718556 (Virtual Reality Intervention for Visual Perception in Schizophrenia-A Single Blind Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06718556 nacompletednot on this map

Virtual Reality Intervention for Visual Perception in Schizophrenia-A Single Blind Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSaglik Bilimleri UniversitesiRan2023 to 2024Enrolled57ConditionsSchizophenia Disorder, Virtual Reality, Visual PerceptionArmsVirtual reality, Client-centered
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Berkan TorpilOccupational Therapy Department, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara, Türkiye. berkan.torpil@sbu.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0322-5163
Mehmet CetinkayaOccupational Therapy Department, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Türkiye, Ankara, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-8503

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSchizophrenia is characterized by both psychiatric symptoms and visual perception disorders. While virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in schizophrenia rehabilitation, its impact on visual perception remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VR intervention on visual perception in schizophrenia.

methodsThis pilot randomized, single-blind controlled trial evaluated the effects of a structured non-immersive VR intervention using the Microsoft Kinect system on visual perception in people with schizophrenia, compared to treatment as usual (TAU) alone. The VR group also received TAU. The visual perceptions of all participants were evaluated with the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3rd Edition (MVPT-3). The interventions were carried out for 45 min, 3 days a week for 8 weeks.

resultsThe study was completed by 53 participants who were divided into two groups. VR group (n = 27, 38.00±10.79 years) and control group (individualized occupational therapy–based psychosocial program) (n = 26, 38.53±8.05 years). There was no difference between the groups in all parameters of MVPT-3 before the interventions (p > 0.05). Following the intervention, a significant improvement was observed across all parameters of the MVPT-3 in both groups (p < 0.001). However, the VR group demonstrated statistically larger effect sizes compared to the control group. In particular, the VR intervention yielded large effect sizes on all MVPT-3 parameters (η²>0.14, p < 0.001), indicating a strong and consistent impact on visual perceptual abilities.

conclusionsThe findings from this study provide promising preliminary evidence for the potential effects of non-immersive VR-based interventions in improving visual perception in individuals with schizophrenia. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER: NCT06718556 (12/02/2024).

Indexed as

Perceptual DisordersSchizophreniaVirtual RealityVirtual Reality Exposure TherapyVisual PerceptionAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsSingle-Blind MethodClient centeredInterventionSchizophreniaVirtual realityVisual perception

Identifiers

PMID41316190
PMCPMC12751787

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.