Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41316508›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Precision mRNA Delivery via Ultrasound-Controlled Release Perfluorocarbon Emulsions: An Innovative Ultrasound Theranostic Strategy with

Haikun Liu, Mark Louis P Vidallon, Yuyang Song, Aidan P G Walsh, Henry Gordon, Shulei Ren, Pengkai Shi, Bangyan Xu, Mitchell J Moon, Sylvain Trépout and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Haikun LiuMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Mark Louis P VidallonMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Yuyang SongMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Aidan P G WalshMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Henry GordonMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Shulei RenMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Pengkai ShiMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Bangyan XuMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Mitchell J MoonCentre for Cardiometabolic mRNA Therapy, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Sylvain TrépoutRamaciotti Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Rico F TaborSchool of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Alexis I BishopSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Ulrich FlögelInstitute for Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Karlheinz PeterCentre for Cardiometabolic mRNA Therapy, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
Xiaowei WangMolecular Imaging and NanoTherapeutics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-7399

Funding

Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering ALNSTU13343Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteCass Foundation 11308German Research Foundation INST 208/764-1 FUGGmRNA VictoriaNational Health and Medical Research Council 2016616National Heart Foundation of Australia 106761National Heart Foundation of Australia 107186National Heart Foundation of Australia 107313NHMRC L3 Investigator Fellowship 2033680Sir Edward 'Weary' Dunlop Medical Research FoundationWeary Dunlop Foundation Medical Research Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics provide promising opportunities in cardiovascular diseases. However, effective vascular mRNA delivery requires precise delivery, controlled release, and efficient transfection. To address these challenges, the study utilizes phase-change perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFC NDs) as a unique theranostic platform, integrating multimodal imaging with ultrasound-triggered mRNA release for enhanced vascular transfection. Lipid-coated PFC NDs are engineered using perfluoro-crown-ether (PFCE), perfluorohexane (PFH), and perfluoropentane (PFP) as core materials. These nanodroplets (200-300 nm) are optimized for mRNA loading and cellular uptake, exhibiting strong ultrasound contrast in tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo. Each PFC generated distinct fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging signals, allowing tri-spectral imaging capabilities. In vitro, PFH and PFP NDs increased enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA transfection in CHO cells (p < 0.0001), with ultrasound stimulation further improving efficiency compared to unstimulated controls (p < 0.05). In vivo ultrasound-guided activation of PFH NDs resulted in higher mCherry protein expression in murine carotid arteries (p < 0.05), demonstrating site-specific gene therapy. This study establishes PFH NDs as an advanced theranostic platform for vascular mRNA delivery, integrating diagnostics and therapeutics into a single system. By leveraging ultrasound-responsive activation, these nanodroplets overcome existing delivery limitations, offering a new avenue for precision medicine in cardiovascular disease.

Indexed as

Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance ImagingFluorocarbonsMagnetic Resonance ImagingRNA, MessengerTheranostic NanomedicineAnimalsCHO CellsCricetulusEmulsionsFeasibility StudiesMiceNanoparticlesTransfectionUltrasonographyEmulsionsFluorocarbonsRNA, Messengermagnetic resonance imagingmRNAperfluorocarbon nanodropletstheranosticultrasound

Identifiers

PMID41316508
PMCPMC12921544

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.