Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41318416›Full record

ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2025

Microgravity activates monocyte ERK1/2 signaling and modulates the response to lipopolysaccharide.

Ruslan A Mammadov, Melle P C van Hulten, Max K Bakker, Auke P Verhaar, Maikel P Peppelenbosch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ruslan A Mammadov *Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7311-213X
Melle P C van Hulten *Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0000-4178-8330
Max K Bakker *Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0006-1328-4753
Auke P VerhaarDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3853-6113
Maikel P PeppelenboschDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.peppelenbosch@erasmusmc.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-9112-6028

Funding

SRON EO-027
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicrogravity alters immune cell function, potentially compromising host defense during spaceflight. Because appropriate immune regulation is also critical in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, insights from spaceflight biology may have broader implications for human health. Monocyte activation via the p44/42 MAPK pathway is central to inflammatory responses, yet the influence of microgravity on this signaling cascade remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to determine how microgravity affects basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ERK1/2 kinases (also known as p44/42 MAP kinases) activity in human monocytes, focusing on signaling state redistribution at both single-cell and population levels.

methodsMonocytes were cultured during spaceflight under either normal gravity (1G) or microgravity (µG) and exposed to LPS or control conditions. MAPK activity was quantified and analysed to assess basal signaling, stimulus responsiveness, and variability within the population.

resultsBasal MAPK activity was significantly elevated in µG compared with 1G monocytes (p = 0.0181). LPS stimulation robustly increased MAPK activity in 1G cells (p = 0.0267) but not in µG (p = 0.6752). Although baseline signaling was higher in µG, LPS responses in µG and 1G were not significantly different (p = 0.7905). Under microgravity, the cell population displayed broader signaling distribution and a larger non-responsive fraction. Although baseline signaling was higher in µG net LPS responsiveness was diminished compared with 1G.

conclusionMicrogravity redistributes monocyte signaling states, increasing basal ERK1/2 activity while attenuating rapid stimulus-induced activation and expanding the non-responsive cell fraction. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into how microgravity shapes immune signaling and highlight cellular heterogenety as a critical determinant of immune regulation during spaceflight.

Indexed as

LipopolysaccharidesMAP Kinase Signaling SystemMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3MonocytesWeightlessnessCells, CulturedHumansSpace FlightLipopolysaccharidesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 31GERK1/2Fluorescent microscopyLPSMicrogravityMonocytesSingle-Cell analysisΜG

Identifiers

PMID41318416
PMCPMC12763956

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.