Evidence mapPaperPMID 41318421Full record

Observational studyBMC public health2025

Profile and management of war casualties in the context of limited resources and conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: a retrospective observational study.

Jean-Bosco Kahindo Mbeva, Bives Mutume Nzanzu Vivalya, Jean-Roger Kambere Syayipuma, Jean-Marie Vianney Tshimbila Kabangu, André Mubake Muzombo, Jean Pierre Noterman, Dan Kapuku, Mbasa Elu, Sébastien Matata Ngilima, Prudence Mitangala Ndeba

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jean-Bosco Kahindo MbevaULB Coopération, PADISS, Avenue de l'Hôpital, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-7214
Bives Mutume Nzanzu VivalyaUniversité Officielle de Ruwenzori, Kitulu, Butembo, République démocratique du Congo. drmutume@uor-rdc.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2068-2830
Jean-Roger Kambere SyayipumaUniversité Officielle de Ruwenzori, Kitulu, Butembo, République démocratique du Congo.
Jean-Marie Vianney Tshimbila KabanguHôpital Provincial du Nord Kivu, Quartier de Volcan, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
André Mubake MuzomboHôpital Provincial du Nord Kivu, Quartier de Volcan, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
Jean Pierre NotermanULB Coopération, PADISS, Avenue de l'Hôpital, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
Dan KapukuDivision Provinciale de la Santé du Nord Kivu, Avenue de l'hôpital, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
Mbasa EluUniversité Libre des pays des Grands Lacs, Himbi, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
Sébastien Matata NgilimaHôpital Provincial du Nord Kivu, Quartier de Volcan, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.
Prudence Mitangala NdebaULB Coopération, PADISS, Avenue de l'Hôpital, Goma, République démocratique du Congo.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWartime injuries contribute to the global burden of mortality as a major public health threat. Early access to healthcare improves the quality of life of war-injured patients. The patterns of trauma care and its outcomes in war-injured patients have not been documented in conflict-affected regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo, where political crisis and civil unrest lasted more than two decades. This paper describes the pathway to care, referral patterns and treatment outcomes of war-injured patients treated at the Provincial Hospital of North Kivu (PHNK) during the January 2025 crisis in Goma.

methodsThis retrospective observational study identified 239 war-injured patients admitted at the PHNK between 25th January and 31st March 2025. The study gathered information on patient demographics (age, sex, marital status, and religion), time interval between trauma occurrence and hospital admission, mode of admission, injury patterns (mechanism, site, and type), first medical aid at the trauma site, severity of injury and outcomes (mortality, length of hospital stay, and postoperative infection). Descriptive analyses performed with Stata 15.0 were summarized as proportions, medians or means and standard deviation.

resultsMost war-injured patients admitted at the PHNK were male (82.3%), single (52.2%), and aged 18-49 years (76.3%). These patients were self-referred (87.1%), did not benefit from first medical aid at trauma sites (86.7%), and had a time interval ranging from 6 to 24 h between trauma occurrence and hospital admission (37.4%). Debridement was performed in 54.4% of cases. Tetanus immunization was administered to 15.9% of war-injured patients, whereas 13% benefited from physiotherapy. Only 7.1% of cases benefited from psychological management. The overall mortality rate was 4.4% (11 patients), with 9 deaths occurring within 48 h from admission. The mean length of hospital stay was 14 days, whereas 8% of war-injured patients had a postoperative infection.

conclusionThese results show the delays in care, self-referral and mortality in war-injured patients in the context of limited resources and conflict. The results call for feasible interventions within a context of high violence such as that of the Democratic Republic of Congo, aiming at strengthening the health system and enhancing community-level capacities to improve the quality of life of war-wounded individuals in conflict zones. This study also shows that a robust health system can deliver an effective response to acute crises if it is equipped with sufficient technical capacity, well-trained staff, essential medicines, and strong organizational structures.

Indexed as

Health ResourcesWarfareWar-Related InjuriesAdolescentAdultArmed ConflictsChildDemocratic Republic of the CongoFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultGomaJanuary 2025 crisisPathway to careProvincial Hospital of North KivuWar-injuriesWartime injuries

Identifiers

PMID41318421
PMCPMC12771735

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.