SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2026
Gene-environment interplay explaining individual variation in BMI outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using polygenic indices.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interaction Between Genetic Risk and Parental Feeding Practices in the Prediction of Overweight Across Adolescence.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGenetic and environmental factors are both associated with weight outcomes, but it remains unclear to what extent environmental exposures are consistently associated beyond genetic predisposition, and to what extent they modify genetic risk.
methodsWe meta-analyzed evidence on gene-environment interplay and individual variation in BMI and related outcomes, focusing on peer-reviewed studies examining environmental exposures and using polygenic indices for BMI. Six electronic databases (APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, SocINDEX) were searched through April 2025. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and quality criteria for gene-environment interaction studies.
resultsThe meta-analysis included 1161 estimates from 88 studies: 153 estimates of main genetic associations, 283 of associations between environmental factors and BMI outcomes controlling for a polygenic index for BMI, and 725 of gene-environment interactions (G×E). Genetic predisposition for BMI was positively associated with BMI for all ancestry groups. The overall association between environmental exposures and BMI, controlling for genetic risk, was r = 0.12 (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.16) for both European and combined ancestry groups. Overall G×E effects ranged from r = 0.06 to 0.12 (all p < 0.001), depending on ancestry group and whether imputed effect sizes were included. Separate meta-analyses by type of environmental exposure yielded overall associations that were largely comparable in magnitude, consistent with moderation analyses indicating that there were no significant differences in effect sizes across different exposure categories.
conclusionsThis meta-analysis highlights the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in explaining variation in BMI. Most studies did not account for gene-environment correlation confounding and focused primarily on European ancestry populations. Future research should prioritize methodologies that address bias and focus on underrepresented ancestry groups to improve inclusivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.