Observational studyJournal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia2026
Postoperative Delirium After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the United States, 2016-2021: Trends, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.
Observational study in Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effect of Lemon Inhalation Aromatherapy on Postoperative Pain, Nausea and Vomiting, Delirium, and Inflammatory Markers After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Triple-Blind Randomized Trial.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
designA retrospective observational study using discharge weights and survey-specific analytic methods.
settingAnalysis of the National Inpatient Sample, representing a nationally weighted cohort of U.S. hospitalizations from 2016 to 2021.
participantsAdults aged 18 years or older who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) during the study period.
interventionNo interventions were applied. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsPostoperative delirium (POD) was identified using validated ICD-10 codes. Using regression models, annual trends in POD, factors associated with POD, and the association of POD with mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay, and hospitalization costs were estimated. Among 911,910 CABG hospitalizations, POD occurred in 4.91% of patients, with a significant increase from 2016 to 2021 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04 per year; p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, the strongest associations with POD were pre-existing dementia (adjusted [a]OR = 4.28; p < 0.001), alcohol abuse (aOR = 3.38; p < 0.001), and psychotic disorders (aOR = 2.40; p < 0.001). POD was independently associated with higher mortality (aOR = 1.85; p < 0.001), major complications, four-day longer length of stay (p < 0.001), and $8,565 higher costs (p < 0.001).
conclusionsPOD after CABG is a common and costly complication. This study identifies high-risk patients and modifiable risk factors, emphasizing the need for targeted strategies to reduce the clinical and economic burdens from POD after CABG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.