Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41323434›Full record

ArticleGastroenterology research and practice2025

The Association Between Dietary Protein Intake and Gallstone Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Amir Sadeghi, Nastaran Raissi-Dehkordi, Azita Hekmatdoost, Moloud Ghorbani, Reyhaneh Rastegar, Mohammad Reza Zali, Negar Raissi-Dehkordi, Zahra Yari

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Gastroenterology research and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Amir SadeghiGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-2676
Nastaran Raissi-DehkordiGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2405-0558
Azita HekmatdoostClinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-0052
Moloud GhorbaniDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-4412
Reyhaneh RastegarGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-6286
Mohammad Reza ZaliGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-4373
Negar Raissi-DehkordiGastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-9449
Zahra YariDepartment of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-2413

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Diet is a modifiable risk factor for gallstone formation and influence the risk of gallstone disease (GSD). The present study was designed with the aim of investigating the association between different dietary protein and the risk of GSD. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 189 patients diagnosed with GSD and 342 controls. Intake of total protein and its subgroups was measured based on food frequency questionnaire. Using multiple logistic regression models, crude and multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: Total protein intake can have protective effects against GSD and its beneficial effect was more in moderate consumption (OR Conclusion: Dietary protein intake, especially vegetable protein, may protect against GSD, while animal protein may be a predisposing factor. Dairy protein protects against GSD when consumed in moderation, but higher intakes may increase the risk of GSD.

Indexed as

animal proteindairy proteingallstoneprotein

Identifiers

PMID41323434
PMCPMC12660632

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.