ReviewIndian journal of psychological medicine2025
Effectiveness of Psychological Intervention Methods for the Management of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
Review in Indian journal of psychological medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose of the Review: There is a dearth of research on determining the optimal psychological intervention approach for symptom-specific management in schizophrenia. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in the management of various symptom subtypes, such as positive symptoms (PS) and negative symptoms (NS), hallucinations, and delusions in schizophrenia. Collection and Analysis of Data: Six electronic journal databases, namely Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, PubMed, Ovid, and Taylor and Francis were searched up to November 2023 using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for Network Meta-Analyses (NMA) guidelines. Articles were identified using predefined keywords and subsequently screened by pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were extracted for PS, NS, hallucinations, and delusions, both for pre- and post-trial conditions. The effect size and standard errors of each trial were computed using the "metafor" library, and further NMA was performed using the "netmeta" package of R software version 4.2.1. The analysis was conducted on 100 RCTs involving 7,036 patients with schizophrenia undergoing eight different psychological interventions and treatment-as-usual (TAU). Meta-cognitive training (MCT+), social skills training (SST), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) were found to be effective in treating both PS and NS of schizophrenia. However, virtual reality therapy (VRT) was found to be effective only in the management of hallucinations and overall PS, and MCT+ and CBT were found to be effective treatment measures in the management of delusions. Conclusions: Psychotherapies were found to be more effective compared to TAU, except acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and supportive psychotherapy (ST).PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42022385392.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.